Thursday, June 19, 2008

List of network protocols

List of network protocols :

This is an incomplete list of individual network protocols, categorized by their nearest OSI model layers.

Layer 1 protocols (Physical layer)

Layer 2 protocols (Data link layer)

Layer 2+3 protocols

  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • Frame relay, a simplified version of X.25
  • MPLS Multi-protocol label switching
  • X.25

Layer 3 protocols (Network layer)

  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • BGP Border Gateway Protocol
  • CLNP Connectionless Networking Protocol
  • EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol
  • EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
  • ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
  • IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
  • IGRP Interior Gataway Routing Protocol
  • IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
  • IPSec Internet Protocol Security
  • IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
  • IS-IS Intermediate system to intermediate system
  • Message Transfer Part Level 3
  • MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
  • OSPF Open Shortest Path First
  • RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
  • RIP Routing Information Protocol

Layer 3+4 protocols

Layer 4 protocols (Transport layer)

  • AHAH Authentication Header over IP or IPSec
  • ESPESP Encapsulated Security Payload over IP or IPSec
  • GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation for tunneling
  • IL Originally developed as transport layer for 9P
  • SCCP Signaling Connection and Control Part
  • SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
  • Sinec H1 for telecontrol
  • SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol

Layer 5 protocols (Session layer)

  • 9P Distributed file system protocol developed originally as part of Plan 9
  • NCP NetWare Core Protocol
  • NFS Network File System
  • SMB Server Message Block (aka CIFS Common Internet FileSystem)

Layer 7 protocols (Application layer)

  • AFP, Apple Filing Protocol
  • BACnet, Building Automation and Control Network protocol
  • BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
  • BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol
  • Diameter, an authentication, authorization and accounting protocol
  • DICT, Dictionary protocol
  • DNS, Domain Name System
  • DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • FTP, File Transfer Protocol
  • Finger, which gives user profile information
  • Gnutella, a peer-to-peer file-swapping protocol
  • Gopher, a hierarchical hyperlinkable protocol
  • HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • IMAP, Internet Message Access Protocol
  • IRC, Internet Relay Chat protocol
  • Jabber, an instant-messaging protocol
  • LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
  • MIME, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
  • MSNP, Microsoft Notification Protocol (used by Windows Live Messenger)
  • NetBIOS, File Sharing and Name Resolution protocol - the basis of file sharing with Windows.
  • NNTP, News Network Transfer Protocol
  • NTP, Network Time Protocol
  • NTCIP, National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol
  • POP3 Post Office Protocol Version 3
  • RADIUS, an authentication, authorization and accounting protocol
  • Rlogin, a UNIX remote login protocol
  • rsync, a file transfer protocol for backups, copying and mirroring
  • RTP, Real-time Transport Protocol
  • RTSP, Real-time Transport Streaming Protocol
  • SSH, Secure Shell
  • SISNAPI, Siebel Internet Session Network API
  • SIP, Session Initiation Protocol, a signaling protocol
  • SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  • SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol
  • SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol
  • Telnet, a remote terminal access protocol
  • TFTP, Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple file transfer protocol
  • WebDAV, Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning

and secure versions of the above (HTTPS, etc.)

Protocol description languages

Other protocols

Network Protocols :

Network protocols like HTTP, TCP/IP, and SMTP provide a foundation that much of the Internet is built on. Find out more about these protocols and how they work.

IP and IPv6 (9) DNS - Domain Name System @ DHCP TCP and UDP @ FTP @

What is a Network Protocol?
Network protocols defines a language of rules and conventions for communication between network devices.

What Is Packet Switching?
Packet switching is a method used by network protocols including IP and Frame Relay to deliver data across a computer network connection in individually delivered small pieces.

PPPoE
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a network protocol sometimes used by broadband modems for connecting to DSL Internet service.

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
ARP converts an IP address to its corresponding physical network address. ARP is a low-level protocol usually implemented in the device drivers of network operating systems. ARP is most commonly utilized on Ethernet networks.

HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP - provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to communicate. HTTP is an application layer network protocol built on top of TCP.

ATM Protocol - Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networking
ATM is a high-speed networking standard designed to support both voice and data communications. ATM operates at the data link layer (OSI Layer 2) over either fiber or twisted-pair cable.

Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol implements a standard algorithm to prevent redundant transmission of data along intermediate hops between a source and destination host.

NTP - Network Time Protocol
Network Time Protocol is a server based system to synchronize time of day clocks computer across the Internet.

SOCKS
SOCKS is an Internet protocol designed to allow clients to communicate with proxy servers (or VPN servers) through network firewalls.

Frame Relay
Frame relay is a network protocol designed for use on Wide Area Networks (WANs). Frame relay works over fiber optic or ISDN lines.

FireWire
FireWire (IEEE 1394) is a high-speed serial networking standard for connecting a computer to a nearby peripheral device such as a digital video camera.

X.25
X.25 is a standard suite of protocols used for packet switching and delivery between networks. The X.25 protocols works at the physical, data link, and network layers (Layers 1 through 3) of the OSI model.

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP is a standard TCP/IP protocol for network management including the monitoring and control of network devices.

H.323
H.323 is a protocol standard for multimedia communications. H.323 was designed to support real-time transfer of audio and video data over packet networks.

SS7 - Signaling System 7
The SS7 protocol provides mechanisms for exchanging special-purpose messages on public telephone networks.

SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SCTP is an alternative transport protocol to TCP and UDP. Some higher level network protocols like SIP and SS7 use SCTP.

Ethereal Network Protocol Analyzer
Ethereal is a high quality utility program commonly used by students, researchers and some companies to monitor network traffic.

"Internet Core Protocols - The Definitive Guide"
This book features in-depth technical background on fundamental network protocols such as TCP, ICMP and ARP.

In computing, a protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between two computing end points and synchronization of communication. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of the two. At the lowest level, a protocol defines the behavior of a hardware connection.

Importance

The widespread use and expansion of communications protocols is for the Internet .The pair of Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are the most important of these, and the term TCP/IP refers to a collection (or protocol suite) of its most used protocols. Most of the Internet's communication protocols are described in the RFC documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (or IETF).

The need for protocols also applies to network devices. Computers have no way of learning protocols, so network engineers have written rules for communication that must be strictly followed for successful host-to-host communication. These rules apply to different layers of sophistication such as which physical connections to use, how hosts listen, how to interrupt, how to say good-bye,in short how to communicate, what language to use and many others. These rules, or protocols, that work together to ensure successful communication are groups into what is known as a protocol suite.

Object-oriented programming has extended the use of the term to include the programming protocols available for connections and communication between objects.

Generally, only the simplest protocols are used alone. Most protocols, especially in the context of communications or networking, are layered together into protocol stacks where the various tasks listed above are divided among different protocols in the stack.

Whereas the protocol stack denotes a specific combination of protocols that work together, a reference model is a software architecture that lists each layer and the services each should offer. The classic seven-layer reference model is the OSI model, which is used for conceptualizing protocol stacks and peer entities.

Common protocols :

  • IP (Internet Protocol)
  • UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
  • Telnet (Telnet Remote Protocol)
  • SSH (Secure Shell Remote Protocol)
  • POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)
  • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
  • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

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